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Do you want to get rid of stuff?

This question needs to be answered first and foremost.  The key to organizing isn't always to get rid of stuff.  However, it is sometimes necessary.  

Consider if you have more stuff than you have space to store it.

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Sorting your belongings

This is usually the part of the process people hate the most or simply don't have time for.  But this is a super important step.

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If you're getting rid of stuff, then sort by keep or donate.

Things being kept get sorted by use or type of item.

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Find a home for your items.

This part gets a little more fun.  You need to decide where to keep all your belongings.  

Make sure you keep things close to where you use them.  Also keep them in a place where it's fairly easy to put them away again.  If it's too difficult to put it away, then you likely won't, which will lead to clutter build up.  

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Organize it and put it away

This is the best part.  Pick out any needed containers and containerize your items.   

Don't just buy containers on a whim.  Consider their practicality first and always measure.  Reuse containers you already have first.

Then you put them in their new homes, and admire your accomplishments.